What is positive fusional vergence?

Fusional vergence is the maximum vergence movement enabling BSV and the limit is at the point of diplopia (double vision). Relative fusional vergence is the maximum vergence movement enabling a patient to see a comfortable clear image and the limit is represented by the first point of blur.

What is Nfv and Pfv?

(NFV-negative fusional vergence; PFV-positive fusional vergence; NPC-near point of convergence; RE-right eye) From: Convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children.

What is Nfv in Optometry?

Introduction: When performing fusional vergence testing the most commonly accepted clinical technique is to first measure negative fusional vergence (NFV) followed by a measurement of positive fusional vergence (PFV). One hour later the order of the measurements was reversed.

How do you do negative relative accommodation?

After the patient’s distance correction is established, the patient is instructed to view small letters on a card 40 cm from the eyes. The examiner adds lenses in +0.25 increments until the patient first reports that they become blurry. The total value of the lenses added to reach this point is the NRA value.

What is near point of convergence?

The near point of convergence (NPC) is the nearest point in space where an individual can maintain single binocular vision [1].

What is convergence excess?

Convergence excess is a condition where the eyes have a strong tendency to aim inward during reading and close work. It can impact both children and adults at any age. Convergence excess can lead to blurry vision, tired eyes while reading, and the need to move closer and closer to reading material.

What is near point of accommodation?

The Near Point is the point in space conjugate to the retina when the eye is fully accommodated. The distance between the far point and the near point is the patient’s accommodative range.

What does high negative relative accommodation mean?

Negative relative accommodation (NRA) was proposed by Joseph Kearney of Oxford University in 1967 as a measure of the maximum ability to relax accommodation while maintaining clear, single binocular vision.

What is positive and negative relative accommodation?

Accommodation is a mechanism that affects visual clarity and binocular vision. The two tests of positive relative accommodation (PRA) and negative relative accommodation (NRA) measure the maximum ability to stimulate accommodation while maintaining binocular single vision.

What is normal eye convergence distance?

Results. The normal near point of convergence (NPC) is about 6-10 centimeters and the convergence recovery point (CRP) is 15 centimeters. If the NPC is more than 10 centimeters, this is a sign of poor convergence.

Is there an increase in fusional convergence at near?

There is a small increase in positive fusional convergence (PFC) at near due to proximal convergence. Fusional vergence is calculated as the sum of relative convergence and the phoria: Relative vergence is the term used to describe the amplitude of vergence measured clinically.

Which is the correct formula for negative fusional convergence?

Negative Fusional Convergence (NFC) = Negative Relative Convergence (NRC) + Phoria (where exo is -) Relative vergence is the term used to describe the amplitude of vergence measured clinically. These data are plotted on the graph on either side of the demand line.

When to use NFV or PFV for fusional vergence?

Optom Vis Dev 2010;41(1):24-27 ABSTRACT Introduction: When performing fusional vergence testing the most commonly accepted clinical technique is to first measure negative fusional vergence (NFV) followed by a measurement of positive fusional vergence (PFV).

What are the keywords for convergent and divergent fusion?

Keywords:convergent fusion, divergent fusion, vergence adaptation, convergence, divergence, NFV, negative fusional vergence, PFV, positive fusional vergence Introduction