Who are pro se litigants in federal court?

court, is represented by attorneys, a small percentage appears pro se. Litigants or parties representing themselves in court without the assistance of an attorney are known as pro se litigants. “Pro se” is Latin for “in one’s own behalf.” The right to appear pro se in a civil case in federal court is defined by statute 28 U.S.C. § 1654.

Can a person appear pro se in a civil case?

The right to appear pro se in a civil case in federal court is defined by statute 28 U.S.C. § 1654. Thus, with some limitations, anyone can appear pro se, and anyone who appears before the Court without an attorney is considered pro se.

Can a lawyer ghostwrite for a pro se litigant?

Court finds that ghostwriting by attorney for a pro se litigant implicates an attorney’s duty of candor to the court, interferes with the court’s ability to supervise the litigation, and misrepresents the litigant’s right to more liberal construction as a pro se litigant. Wesley v. Don Stein Buick, Inc., 987 F.Supp. 884 (D.Kan. 1997)

When is a court entitled to ceeding pro se?

ceeding pro se is, in general, that which courts already grant: in particular, pro se litigants are entitled to have their pleadings lib- erally construed by the courts. A liberal construction of the plead- ings enables a court to assess the nature of the interests at stake in

Can a pro se litigant represent himself in court?

Self Representation: As a Pro Se Litigant, you are allowed to represent yourself. You an act as your own attorney and create any documents you wish. You can represent yourself in court or pursue any legal remedy on your own behalf.

What does pro se mean in federal court?

“Pro se” is Latin for “in one’s own behalf.” The right to appear pro se in a civil case in federal court is defined by statute 28 U.S.C. § 1654. Thus, with some limitations, anyone can appear pro se, and anyone who appears before the Court without an attorney is considered pro

Which is an example of pro se representation?

It is a practice where individuals represent themselves in pending legal proceedings before administrative bodies or courts. Pro se representation is Constitutionally protected but frowned upon in most courts. An example of pro se representation is representing yourself or your business in court without an attorney.

How does a lawsuit work in New Jersey?

In lawsuit procedure, a plaintiff is the party filing the complaint and the defendant is the person being sued. Once a complaint is filed it then must be served on the defendant by way of a summons. A summons and complaint may be served on a defendant by delivering the summons and complaint to the defendant’s residence or place of business, etc…

How is a civil action filed in New Jersey?

A civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court in the proper jurisdiction because the court must have jurisdiction over the subject matter and the defendant to be vested with authority to hear the case.

What was the ruling in the pro se case?

Court stated that allowing attorneys to ghostwrite pleadings for pro se plaintiffs abused additional leeway given to pro se filings.

How are subpoenas issued in New Jersey Superior Court?

New Jersey Court Rule 1:9 governs the issuance of subpoenas. Court Rule 1:9-1 specifically states that “a subpoena may be issued by the clerk of the court or by an attorney or party in the name of the clerk.” [Emphasis added.]

Litigants or parties representing themselves in court without the assistance of an attorney are known as pro se. litigants. “Pro se” is Latin for “in one’s own behalf.” The right to appear pro se in a civil case in federal court is defined by statute 28 U.S.C. § 1654.

Can a pro se litigant push things too far?

Despite this deferential approach, pro se litigants can push things too far. Although courts sanctioning pro se parties for failing to follow the rules is a relatively rare event, it does happen at times, reaffirming the overarching principle that the rules apply to everyone.

What do you need to know about pro se?

Tell the court that they wish to proceed with pro se representation; Establish competency to stand trial (criminal defendants that lack competency cannot represent themselves pro se); File the appropriate court paperwork; and Meet all court deadlines and case requirements.

What are the disadvantages of pro se cases?

Delays: Since many pro se defendants are unfamiliar with court/case rules and procedures, this may cause delays with case resolution. It can also result in sanctions against the defendant. Should I Contact an Attorney for Help with Pro Se Matters?

Can a lawyer help a pro se litigant?

An attorney cannot provide legal advice to a pro se opponent, and hearing that may help defuse a confrontational reaction later, if they hear now, for example, that you cannot advise them on how to respond to a motion or discovery request.

What should a pro se litigant know about self representation?

Self-representation carries certain responsibilities and risks that a pro se litigant should know before proceeding. The court encourages all individuals who are thinking about self-representation to carefully review the risks associated with self-representation and to be aware of the potential consequences.

Can a Prisoner File a pro se lawsuit?

After 2016, nationwide filings of pro se prisoner petitions dropped to levels seen prior to the Welch decision. The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permit both sides—the plaintiff and the defendant—to proceed pro se in federal court. In federal civil litigation, the self-represented party predominantly is the plaintiff.

How did the pro se motion backfire on the plaintiff?

This motion backfired, as it led the court to review the conduct of the parties on both sides and of the defense attorneys. The court concluded that it was the plaintiff, not the defendants, who had flouted the rules.

Why are there so many pro se cases?

Most federal pro se cases are civil actions filed by people serving time in prison. Pro se prisoner petitions spiked in 2016 after a pair of Supreme Court rulings made it possible for certain prisoners to petition to have their sentences vacated or remanded. Non-prisoners who file pro se actions most often raise civil rights claims.

What does it mean to file a pro se lawsuit?

Non-prisoners who file pro se actions most often raise civil rights claims. The legal term pro se, which refers to self-representation in a court of law, is directly translated from Latin as “for oneself” or “on one’s own behalf.”

Are there any state courts that allow pro se?

All state courts have some form of written or precedent-based rules that allow pro se representation.

Where does the legal term pro se come from?

The legal term pro se, which refers to self-representation in a court of law, is directly translated from Latin as “for oneself” or “on one’s own behalf.” Each time a party to litigation appears in court without the assistance of counsel, the court proceeding is called pro se.

Can a litigant file a pro se lawsuit electronically?

Pro se litigants may file electronically, but they are not required to do so. For information on electronic filing, visit the CM/ECF and PACER web pages. See http://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/cmecf-general.htm and http://pacer.psc.uscourts.gov.

What do I need to file a pro se complaint?

Complaints, as well as all other papers submitted bypro se litigants must be submitted to the Clerk’s Office. The complaint must include a caption, a statement of facts, the name and address of the litigant and the litigant’s signature. More details regarding this process, may be found in the Step By Step Guide.

How does a pro se lawsuit get started?

A lawsuit is commenced by the filing of a “Complaint” with the District Court Clerk’s Office, accompanied by the filing fee or a request to proceed without prepayment of the filing fee if you cannot afford to pay the fee.

Where can I get pro se legal representation?

Some districts of the United States Federal Courts (e.g., the Central District of California) permit pro se litigants to receive documents electronically by an Electronic Filing Account (ECF), but only members of the bar are allowed to file documents electronically.

How often do pro se parties appear in Superior Court?

In superior court domestic relations cases, almost 70% of cases have one pro se party, while in district court domestic violence cases, 97% of the cases have one pro se party. In a California study of family matters, one party appeared pro se in 2/3 of all domestic relations cases and in 40% of all child custody cases in 1991-95.

How often do judges use videoconference for pro se hearings?

54% of judges responding to a Federal Judicial Conference survey use videoconferences for prisoner pro se hearings.

Which is an unfair advantage in a pro se case?

Ghostwriting gives litigants unfair advantage in that pro se pleadings are construed liberally and pro se litigants are granted greater latitude in hearings and trials.

How is pro se legal representation in the United States?

28 U.S.C. § 1654 provides: “In all courts of the United States the parties may plead and conduct their own cases personally or by counsel as, by the rules of such courts, respectively, are permitted to manage and conduct causes therein.” Laws and organizations charged with regulating judicial conduct may also affect pro se litigants.

Can a corporation appear in court pro se in Massachusetts?

Except in small claims matters, a corporation may not appear pro se in court in Massachusetts. Wilbur v. Tunnell, 98 Mass. App. Ct. 19 (2020) Normally, the personal representative of an estate cannot represent the estate pro se.

Do you need pro se representation for child custody?

Up-to-date knowledge of the inner workings of court proceedings is vital if you want to successfully navigate the child custody legal system. Parents considering pro se representation usually benefit from attending a few court hearings in advance, just to become more familiar with what to expect in court and what proper court etiquette looks like.

Who are pro se litigants in the district of Massachusetts?

Pro Se Litigants – representing yourself. The pro-se information on the Court’s website is specifically for individuals who are representing themselves in the District of Massachusetts without the assistance of an attorney. Beat your ticket: go to court & win, Brown, David, Nolo, 2013.

What must I do to file a court case ( pro se )?

If you are not going to have an attorney represent you in court, you should prepare yourself for court by getting information on the case and court process, or consult an attorney about your case to discuss possible options and outcomes. What must I do to file a court case on my own?

What does an attorney do in a pro se case?

In many cases, attorneys merely act as account managers complying with the rules set forth by the opposing counsel and not providing their client with any discovery or motions to admit their evidence. In many cases, the client is not able to pay for their attorney’s services to provide a legal offense.

Can a personal representative represent an estate pro se?

Normally, the personal representative of an estate cannot represent the estate pro se. But, in this case, the representative could appear pro se, where she was the only beneficiary and was being sued by the only creditor.

Where to file a pro se lawsuit in Chicago?

For more information on pro se cases, please call the Civil Division for the First Municipal District (Chicago), which is located on the sixth floor of the Richard J. Daley Center (312) 603-5626. Law Division – hears cases in which the claim is in excess of $30,000 where the events surrounding the lawsuit occurred in the County of Cook.

Can a judge postpone a case in Small Claims Court?

The party that did show can then have that judgment enforced. In rare cases, the court may postpone the case if the other party was absent due to an actual emergency, such as a medical emergency or a car accident. The judge usually has total discretion over whether to postpone the case.

What can I sue for in Small Claims Court?

Small claims courts can hear most types of civil court cases, such as: Most small claims courts do not hear: Practically anyone can bring a small claims court case or be sued in small claims court, including individuals, large corporations, and small businesses.

How are pro se motions filed in the Court of Appeals?

The motion may be renewed in the court of appeals by filing it together with the informal opening brief. The motion will be considered in light of the informal brief. In pro se cases, the record is filed in the court of appeals. Therefore, no appendix is necessary.

What does it mean to file a pro se petition?

A pro se petition is one filed by a petitioner without the benefit of counsel. (B) Answer . An answer is a response filed by the state to the petition for post-conviction relief that admits or denies every claim in the petition and which raises affirmative and specific statutory defenses. (C) Motion to Reopen.

What are the pro se procedures in federal court?

R. App. P. 25(a)(5), require the filing party to remove protected information prior to filing a document in federal court and specifically require redaction of the following information. Social security and tax ID numbers must be redacted to the last four digits. Names of minor children must be redacted to initials.

Do you need a docketing statement in a pro se case?

Docketing statements are not required in pro se cases. Any attorney filing documents in a pro se case must also file an appearance of counsel form. A disclosure statement is required by the government if there was an organizational victim of the alleged criminal activity.

What happens in settlement negotiations with pro se litigants?

Finally, settlement negotiations with pro se litigants can raise special pitfalls for attorneys. In the course of settlement negotiations, there is always a risk that an opponent may mischaracterize proposals or promises made by the other party.

Why are pro se litigants so annoying to lawyers?

Some go as far as to file motions with the court based on trivial or nonsensical arguments, insisting the court sanction the opposing lawyer for allegedly not following the rules. Such actions by pro se litigants can be annoying for lawyers and cause their clients to incur unnecessary litigation costs.

How to fill out a civil pro se form?

Civil Pro Se Forms Form Number Form Name Pro Se 1 Complaint for a Civil Case Pro Se 2 Complaint and Request for Injunction Pro Se 3 Defendant’s Answer to the Complaint Pro Se 4 Complaint for a Civil Case Alleging Brea

What do you need to know about pro se forms?

Civil Pro Se Forms Form Number Form Name Pro Se 12 Complaint for Interpleader and Declarato Pro Se 13 Complaint for Review of Social Security Pro Se 14 Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights Pro Se 15 Complaint for Violation of Civil Rights

What does plaintiff pro se mean?

In Latin, pro se means for oneself. A pro se plaintiff is one who commences a civil legal matter and represents himself or herself in court without an attorney.

What is pro se litigation?

Pro Se litigation means legal self-representation in court without an attorney. The majority of pro se cases in the United States include bankruptcy, foreclosure, landlord/tenant issues, and domestic-relations matters such as divorce, custody and child support, and probate. Many people choose to go pro se…

What is the meaning to file a pro se petition?

This petition is styled as a “pro se” petition, meaning that the person who files it is not represented by a lawyer. If you are represented by a lawyer, you should speak with your attorney before using this petition. The instructions below describe the steps necessary to fill out the petition. There are several blank spaces on the form.

What is a “pro se” or “pro per” defendant?

A pro se defendant is one who represents himself in a criminal or civil lawsuit. The individual files all the legal documents and proceeds without any help from an attorney in court.

How to file a pro se complaint in federal court?

Refer to the Rules of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (RCFC). Refer to the court provided A Guide for Self-Representation. Complete and sign the Cover Sheet and attach it to the Complaint. Original and two (2) copies of the Pro Se Complaint Form are filed with the Clerk.

When do I need to file a pro se case?

Based on declared public health emergencies impacting Washington, DC, and the National Capital Region, and ongoing efforts to mitigate community transmission and the impact of COVID-19, paper filing requirements in pro se cases are suspended until further order of the court. For more information, please see Amended General Order (Mar. 3, 2021).

How does the court work with pro se litigants?

While the courts ultimately adhere to this concept, many will exhibit great patience with pro se parties who fail to strictly adhere to the rules, in the interest of assuring them the same access to justice as represented parties, even if that comes at times at the expense of procedural efficiency.

Can a mediator be selected before a case is filed?

Additionally, there may very well be mediators selected by insurance companies after a case is filed, or even before a case is filed. This would provide for a significant cost reduction to the insurance company and to the plaintiff’s counsel and would improve the possibility of settlement even before litigation is commenced.

How are plaintiffs allowed to feel heard in mediation?

One key opportunity for allowing plaintiffs to feel heard is during their deposition. Certainly, the defense wants to confront plaintiffs with the weakness of their case and ask the tough questions that will give them second thoughts about taking the case to trial.

Can a face to face mediation lead to a settlement?

However, this should not be over emphasized. Face to face meeting has a large part in helping parties come to a resolution and actually meeting is much more likely to result in a settlement. Another likely development is mediator specialization.

Can a pro se litigant be entitled to attorney fees?

Pro se litigants may be entitled to Attorney fees and costs under the Civil Rights Attorney’s Fee Award Act of 1976, 90 Stat. 2641, as amended 42 USC 1988 U.S. Constitutional Issues: The Fifth Amendment, provides in pertinent part that “nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law…” Due process is

How to stop bias against pro se litigants?

Bias Against Pro Per Litigants: What It Is. How to Stop It. Bias Against Pro se Litigants: What It Is. How to Stop It. From the moment they first contact the court system, most people who want to represent themselves, without a lawyer, encounter tremendous resistance.

Can a person represent themselves in a pro se case?

Therefore, if you start a civil case pro se, you should be prepared to pursue it to completion on your own because the Court appoints counsel only under certain circumstances that may not be met by your case. Pro Bono Representation: IF YOU CANNOT AFFORD AN ATTORNEY, you may make a written motion asking the court to appoint an attorney for you.

What does it mean to represent yourself in court?

Tools & Resources A person who goes to court without being represented by a lawyer is called “self-represented” or “pro se.” Pro se is a Latin term that means “for oneself.” Individuals have the right to represent themselves in District Court without a lawyer, but they are required to know and follow the court rules and the law.

Can a company be represented in a pro se lawsuit?

Corporate entities are considered in the eyes of the law as a separate individual and generally need to be represented by legal counsel, rather than an individual or even the proprietor of the business. However, more obligations and obstacles on courts and litigants in connection with pro se litigation.

What are the perils of pro se representation?

Pro se representation is Constitutionally protected but frowned upon in most courts. There are valid grounds for pro se representation in certain circumstances. But there are other reasons why the procedure is not looked upon favorably and may, in fact, place individuals in legal peril.

How are pro se litigants viewed by judges?

Pro se litigants are often viewed askance by judges and other adjudicators. Judges prefer to deal with lawyers, who are more accustomed to legal procedures, and they fear that they must often bend over backwards to assist pro se litigants, even though they are not legally obliged to do so.

Can a pro se litigant start a criminal case?

A civil case, which is the only type of case you can start in federal court, is different from a criminal case, which can only be started by government officials. In a civil case, you do not have a constitutional right to appointed counsel. Therefore, if you start a civil case pro se,…

Ghostwriting gives litigants unfair advantage in that pro se pleadings are construed liberally and pro se litigants are granted greater latitude in hearings and trials.

Can a Prisoner File a pro se complaint against a prison?

Plaintiff-inmate filed pro se complaint against prison seeking compensation for damages sustained while placed in solitary confinement. In finding plaintiff’s complaint legally sufficient, Supreme Court found that pro se pleadings should be held to “less stringent standards” than those drafted by attorneys.

Who is eligible to file a pro se case?

Only individuals (which includes married couples) are eligible to file a pro se case. Other debtors, including, but not limited to corporations, partnerships, municipalities and those entities who wish to file a Chapter 9 or Chapter 15 case must retain an attorney.

Is it common for police officers to falsify documents?

The practice of police falsification in connection with such arrests is so common in certain precincts that it has spawned its own word: “testilying.” . . . Officers also commit falsification to serve what they perceive to be “legitimate” law enforcement ends – and for ends that many honest and corrupt officers alike stubbornly defend as correct.

What happens if a lawyer files a fraudulent document?

Pro per litigants don’t realize how common this is and seem to think there’s some huge penalty for this. Pro pers don’t understand that that the function of litigation is to test the parties’ positions, and weigh who’s got… Lawyers are officers of the court. They are ethically prohibited from engaging in deliberate deception.

What happens if I can’t afford an attorney?

If you can’t afford an attorney and you don’t qualify for a court appointed attorney, the judge can order your spouse to pay your attorney’s fees if they are the monied spouse. You would have to make a motion for this and the monied spouse has the right to give an arguments as to why they should not pay.

Where can I get a pro bono divorce attorney?

While many attorneys are willing to provide pro bono services for relatively simple matters, divorces can be very time consuming and complex so it’s generally not a beneficial for the divorce attorneys to take on cases. A good place to start looking for pro bono representation is by contacting Legal Aid in your county.

When to deny pro se litigants leave to amend their complaint?

must give when denying pro se litigants leave to amend their complaint. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)(2) addresses amendments not made as a matter of course, and provides that: In all other cases, a party may amend its pleading only with the opposing party’s written consent or the court’s leave. The

Court stated that allowing attorneys to ghostwrite pleadings for pro se plaintiffs abused additional leeway given to pro se filings.

Can a pro se litigant speak in open court?

In Open Court: At no time should a Pro Se Litigant attempt to make an Oral Argument in open court like an Attorney of Record. Pro Se Litigants should speak when spoken to by the court. Never address or look at the opposing counsel while at the bench.

Can a court dismiss a petition for pro se?

The courts are likely to dismiss your petition with the court for the most minor infraction of the Rules of Civil Procedure or the Local Court Rules. Don’t be discouraged.

Is the pro se case law relevant to pro se litigants?

CASE LAW PARTIICULARLY RELEVANT TO THE PRO SE LITIGANT Non-Lawyer pro se litigants not to be held to same standards as a practicing lawyer Defense against dismissal of complaint for failure to state a claim On Judicial Immunity On Absolute Immunity for Judges

Can a non-lawyer file a pro se case?

Non-Lawyer pro se litigants not to be held to same standards as a practicing lawyer Many pro se litigants will use this in their pleadings; “Pleadings in this case are being filed by Plaintiff In Propria Persona, wherein pleadings are to be considered without regard to technicalities.

When is due process denied in a pro se case?

Rights Attorney’s Fee Award Act of 1976, 90 Stat. 2641, as amended 42 USC 1988 U.S. Constitutional Issues: The Fifth Amendment, provides in pertinent part that “nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law…” Due process is denied when a meaningful hearing is denied as in this cause.

Can a pro se litigant use propria persona?

Many pro se litigants will use this in their pleadings; “Pleadings in this case are being filed by Plaintiff In Propria Persona, wherein pleadings are to be considered without regard to technicalities. Propria, pleadings are not to be held to the same high standards of perfection as practicing

Where can I find forms for pro se litigants?

Correspondence available upon request regarding the Forms from the Commission Chair, the Family Law Section Chair, the State Bar President, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas

Do you need an attorney to file a pro se form?

If you have an attorney, the attorney will prepare the necessary paperwork and file it in court for you. If you can’t afford an attorney, it can be very hard to figure out which form must be filed and how to properly fill it out.

What is the proper approach to pro se litigants?

Quinlan, et al., Civil No. 18-12751 (D. Mass. Feb. 24, 2020), the pro se plaintiff filed a motion to compel and for sanctions, arguing that the defendants and their attorneys were obstructing the discovery process, refusing to produce documents, and violating “every Federal Rule . . . related to discovery” in bad faith.

Can a lawyer be a pro se litigant?

While pro se litigants are supposed to be held to the same standards as lawyers, in practice, many courts give pro se litigants a good deal of leeway and rarely sanction them for violating court rules, unless the violations are egregious or repeated.

Can a person represent themselves in a divorce in Georgia?

The state of Georgia permits you to represent yourself in all legal matters including a divorce. This is called pro se. If you are involved in an uncontested divorce, you may be able to manage the case to completion without the services of a divorce lawyer, saving yourself hundreds or thousands of dollars in legal fees.

Is it illegal to represent someone in Georgia?

have the constitutional right in the State of Georgia to represent yourself, the unauthorized practice of law in Georgia – representing someone else – is forbidden and may subject you to criminal penalties. O.C.G.A. § 15-19-51. Contact by any party with a judge of this Court or any member of a judge’s staff is strictly forbidden.

Can a pro se plaintiff call the defendant?

A lawyer may call any (relevant) person as a witness, including someone on the opposite side. That includes the plaintiff’s lawyer/prosecutor calling the defendant. This is seldom done because by doing so, you have made this witness “your” witness, thereby meaningfully reducing your options.

Who is the plaintiff in a pro se civil case?

In federal civil litigation, the self-represented party predominantly is the plaintiff. Figure 3 shows the percentage of civil cases filed from 2000 to 2019 by type of representation. During that period, 27 percent of all civil cases had at least one pro se plaintiff or defendant 4 . A civil case can be categorized by the type of lawsuit 5.

What is pro se legal representation?

Pro Se legal representation refers to a process where a party in a case represents oneself in a court of law, instead of being represented by a lawyer. Pro se is derived from the Latin term that means “for oneself”.

What are pro se clients?

A pro se client is an individual who is acting on their own behalf, without a lawyer. Pro se is Latin for “on one’s own behalf” or “for oneself.”.

When is a default judgment called a quiet title?

If there is a default against the lender, the final judgment is usually called a Default Final Judgment Quieting Title. It is exactly this scenario that has occurred in each of the “successful” cases mentioned by those that promote the Quiet Title solution.

Can you sell a house with a quiet title judgment?

In simple terms, if the borrower was expecting to be able to sell the house without the mortgage that was “officially” canceled by the default judgment in the Quiet Title lawsuit – the homeowner is not going to be happy with the truth as that mortgage still must be dealt with to obtain clear and marketable title.

How to bring an action to quiet title?

In order to bring an action to quiet title, you first have to petition the court. You begin the process by filing a petition. Some courts may have prepared “fill in the blank” forms for you to use.

Can a pro se litigant file a written argument?

Written Argument In a Filed Supplement for a Scheduled Hearing: As a Pro Se Litigant, you should appreciate that the court will allow you to present your argument prior to a hearing in a filed Supplement.

How are pro se litigants entitled to their pleadings?

particular, pro se litigants are entitled to have their pleadings lib- erally construed by the courts. A liberal construction of the plead- ings enables a court to assess the nature of the interests at stake in the suit and to determine how much further procedural leniency, if any, is due in the particular case.

Who is the human rights lawyer for Rosa Parks?

In an engaging and personal talk — with cameo appearances from his grandmother and Rosa Parks — human rights lawyer Bryan Stevenson shares some hard truths about America’s justice system, starting with a massive imbalance along racial lines: a third of the country’s black male population has been incarcerated at some point in their lives.

When to stop for translation in law enforcement?

When emergency strikes, immediate and effective communication is key: a crisis is no time to stop for translation. Within the greater field of criminal justice, law enforcement officers act on the front lines of the law to maintain authority and keep us safe.

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Is there such thing as a legal problem?

But, if they’re not breaking any laws, what you have is a personal matter, not a legal one. A legal problem is one that can be solved by using the law. It’s an issue that’s addressed within federal, state, or municipal laws and regulations.

How does Avvo help you with legal issues?

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